Natural Resources Management
01/29/97
Predators and Ecosystem Management
Predators have an everlasting effect on different kinds of ecosystems. They influence there ecosystems by controlling the abundance of lower species certain habitats. In this article, "Predators and Ecosystem Management" by (James A. Estes). He explains results of case studies that indicate important ecological roles for predators in a huge coastal ecosystem. The main challenge in this article is to determine if there are recurrent patterns else where in nature and to also understand when and where they occur.
The author gives his perspective on predators and the coastal ecosystems by giving us a living example, the sea otter and the kelp forests. The relation between the sea otters and the kelp-forests was provided because of a accident of history, the over-exploitation of sea otters in the Pacific maritime fur trade. The study compared areas where sea otters were abundant with nearby areas to area's where they're almost extinct. By doing this comparison of the sea otters coastal system it was possible to gain much insight into the sea otter ecological role in kelp-forest ecosystem.
Over the years it's been possible for us to observe the kelp-forest ecosystem over-time, thanks to the massive growth of the sea otters population we observed the change from otter-free to otter-dominated.
This article relates to many aspects of our textbook. On page 89 in chapter 5 the text explains what an ecosystem is, defined by the book, it's a community of species interacting with one another where there is a non-living environment. In this case the otter and kelp-forests ecosystems a coastal ecosystem. As mentioned in the book, the food chain is involved in the sequence of events with the organism that are the source of the food. In a survey of coastal habitats in many areas of the North Pacific Ocean have revealed that kelp forests usually are extensively deforested where sea otters are absent whereas this condition is rare where occur ( Estes and Duggins 1995).
All ecosystem management has recently emerged as the main way of conversation in wildlife biology and as an alternative to the traditional approach of species-level management. This kind of approach, (1) has involved many resource-management agencies because of the growth or disappearance of their habitats, and (2) the amount of species is great and the time is too short to conserve these species in any other way.
Bibliography
1) Estes, James A.,1996,24(s): Predator and ecosystem management,
Wildlife Society Bulletin, Ca, pg.390-396.
2) Miller, Tyler G.,1996,Living In The Environnment,
Wadsworth Publishing Company,Ca. pg.122,105-107.
Saturday, January 12, 2013
Jaguars
ENDANGERED SPECIES STUDY
I. The jaguars of Central and South America have been being killed for game and
protection. This cat used to have homes around the United States to Uruguay, but
ever since the fears of extinction the jaguars have moved to the undeveloped rain
forests in Latin America. Jaguars are being killed due to many people fearing for
their own lives and many are also being killed to protect cattle. Jaguars do stalk
and ambush their prey, however, they rarely ever attack man. One of the main
reasons that jaguars are still living is that they can adapt to many habitats, from
tropical rain forests and swampy areas to scrub lands and grasslands.
II. Jaguars are part of the life cycle of many species. Killing jaguars for protection
and furs are ruining other species that live in the same range as them. These cats
are of no harm to human life, most deaths that jaguars have had a part in were to
protect themselves from being killed.
Many jaguars just disappear from the pressures of being killed. While the
animal is trying to change habitats they have died. The rain forests that the jaguars
inhabit are being torn down to open up lumbering, farming, livestock raising, and
other activities carried out by humans. Killing a jaguar is taking away a life that is
doing no harm to the eco-system. A jaguars' way of living is much like that of a
human, you don't see jaguars killing humans for their skin.
III. Any endangered specie, including the jaguar, has many different alternatives in
which the government or a national group would have to be involved. There are
several organizations that help the breeding and life of many species. One way of
breeding a specific species would be to freeze sperm and embryos so that scientists
may breed more of the species when they are close to extinction.
IV. I feel that the jaguar can be saved by forcing contractors to move their
construction to a different place rather than a rain forest so that the jaguars may
maintain their habitat. Scientists could also freeze sperm and embryos in order to
keep the population of jaguars to a safe level. One last thing that I think should be
outlawed is--poaching. Poaching is not right, these animals that are being killed
have no right to be killed. Jaguars have done rarely anything to hurt mankind or any
of mankinds' environment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
McClung, Robert M. Vanishing Wildlife of Latin America. New York: William and
Morrow, 1981
Compton's NewMedia Encyclopedia Jaguar. Compton's NewMedia Inc., 1992,1994
I. The jaguars of Central and South America have been being killed for game and
protection. This cat used to have homes around the United States to Uruguay, but
ever since the fears of extinction the jaguars have moved to the undeveloped rain
forests in Latin America. Jaguars are being killed due to many people fearing for
their own lives and many are also being killed to protect cattle. Jaguars do stalk
and ambush their prey, however, they rarely ever attack man. One of the main
reasons that jaguars are still living is that they can adapt to many habitats, from
tropical rain forests and swampy areas to scrub lands and grasslands.
II. Jaguars are part of the life cycle of many species. Killing jaguars for protection
and furs are ruining other species that live in the same range as them. These cats
are of no harm to human life, most deaths that jaguars have had a part in were to
protect themselves from being killed.
Many jaguars just disappear from the pressures of being killed. While the
animal is trying to change habitats they have died. The rain forests that the jaguars
inhabit are being torn down to open up lumbering, farming, livestock raising, and
other activities carried out by humans. Killing a jaguar is taking away a life that is
doing no harm to the eco-system. A jaguars' way of living is much like that of a
human, you don't see jaguars killing humans for their skin.
III. Any endangered specie, including the jaguar, has many different alternatives in
which the government or a national group would have to be involved. There are
several organizations that help the breeding and life of many species. One way of
breeding a specific species would be to freeze sperm and embryos so that scientists
may breed more of the species when they are close to extinction.
IV. I feel that the jaguar can be saved by forcing contractors to move their
construction to a different place rather than a rain forest so that the jaguars may
maintain their habitat. Scientists could also freeze sperm and embryos in order to
keep the population of jaguars to a safe level. One last thing that I think should be
outlawed is--poaching. Poaching is not right, these animals that are being killed
have no right to be killed. Jaguars have done rarely anything to hurt mankind or any
of mankinds' environment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
McClung, Robert M. Vanishing Wildlife of Latin America. New York: William and
Morrow, 1981
Compton's NewMedia Encyclopedia Jaguar. Compton's NewMedia Inc., 1992,1994
Household Waist!
Household Waste!
One morning my mom said "Andy, get up and clean the bathroom!" It was always an essential and important labor to the family. I got up and gathered all the normal cleaning agents we used; Ajax, ammonia, and this liquid bleach that my mom said worked wonders. The toilet I cleaned using the Ajax the sink I cleaned using the Ajax there seemed to be no need for the other two. Then I saw it- the bath tub, AH! There was a ring around the bath tub that I knew would be difficult to clean off. I decided to add the ammonia I scrubbed at the ring but it was not coming off. I then looked around thinking what to do...
"The Bleach!" I shouted aloud. And then -- it hit me, my mom's hand.
"Never, Never, Never, use Bleach with ammonia. Infact don't mix any chemicals with one another."
This is an excellent example of common mistakes people make when dealing with household chemicals/cleaners. In this assignment I will examine different cleaners commonly used in my house.
I Ajax
I go to the cupboard and find a can of the powder, Ajax. The can use to have a piece of tape to cover the top but now it has been lost; a potential problem. The can has an expiration date on it, 9/98. This expiration date may be incorrect because that piece of tape to cover it has been lost for some time now.
II Windex
In the cupboard in the upstairs bathroom is where we keep the Windex. The Windex is blue and clearly labeled, with no chance of any person mistaking it for something else. The top part is tightly screwed on with Windex filled to 3/4 of the original volume. I cannot find any expiration date, nor can I find any hint there ever was one. I should contact the product vender to see if the Windex is immortal or what.
III Vinegar
I go to the kitchen cupboard and find vinegar. Vinegar is what we use to mop our tile floor with. The vinegar has an "Easy flip-off cap!" and is about half of what it originally was. This too, has no evidence of an expiration date. I don't think I need to contact the item vendor because it's only vinegar.
IV Formula 409
Next to the Ajax in our "Cleaner-Cupboard" we carry Formula 409, the ideal for kitchen clean-up. It is clearly labeled with no chance for misplacement (unless someone puts something else in there when it is empty). The cap is tightly placed on it without any visible breakage. There like most of the others, has no expiration date. Maybe it is immortal too!
Conclusion
With all of these household cleaners/chemicals there is a potential source of danger. With these cleaners/chemicals there is a potential source of quality. It is just that we need to take care of it so we will be okay. We must be careful and not mix thing together, burn things, or any other improper use of them. If we follow the directions we will be safe.
One morning my mom said "Andy, get up and clean the bathroom!" It was always an essential and important labor to the family. I got up and gathered all the normal cleaning agents we used; Ajax, ammonia, and this liquid bleach that my mom said worked wonders. The toilet I cleaned using the Ajax the sink I cleaned using the Ajax there seemed to be no need for the other two. Then I saw it- the bath tub, AH! There was a ring around the bath tub that I knew would be difficult to clean off. I decided to add the ammonia I scrubbed at the ring but it was not coming off. I then looked around thinking what to do...
"The Bleach!" I shouted aloud. And then -- it hit me, my mom's hand.
"Never, Never, Never, use Bleach with ammonia. Infact don't mix any chemicals with one another."
This is an excellent example of common mistakes people make when dealing with household chemicals/cleaners. In this assignment I will examine different cleaners commonly used in my house.
I Ajax
I go to the cupboard and find a can of the powder, Ajax. The can use to have a piece of tape to cover the top but now it has been lost; a potential problem. The can has an expiration date on it, 9/98. This expiration date may be incorrect because that piece of tape to cover it has been lost for some time now.
II Windex
In the cupboard in the upstairs bathroom is where we keep the Windex. The Windex is blue and clearly labeled, with no chance of any person mistaking it for something else. The top part is tightly screwed on with Windex filled to 3/4 of the original volume. I cannot find any expiration date, nor can I find any hint there ever was one. I should contact the product vender to see if the Windex is immortal or what.
III Vinegar
I go to the kitchen cupboard and find vinegar. Vinegar is what we use to mop our tile floor with. The vinegar has an "Easy flip-off cap!" and is about half of what it originally was. This too, has no evidence of an expiration date. I don't think I need to contact the item vendor because it's only vinegar.
IV Formula 409
Next to the Ajax in our "Cleaner-Cupboard" we carry Formula 409, the ideal for kitchen clean-up. It is clearly labeled with no chance for misplacement (unless someone puts something else in there when it is empty). The cap is tightly placed on it without any visible breakage. There like most of the others, has no expiration date. Maybe it is immortal too!
Conclusion
With all of these household cleaners/chemicals there is a potential source of danger. With these cleaners/chemicals there is a potential source of quality. It is just that we need to take care of it so we will be okay. We must be careful and not mix thing together, burn things, or any other improper use of them. If we follow the directions we will be safe.
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